New research suggests a path to faster EV charging and greater range

A new study led by Dr. Xuekun Lu from Queen Mary University of London in collaboration with an international team of researchers from the UK and USA has found a way to prevent lithium plating in electric vehicle batteries, which could lead to faster charging times. 

Lithium plating is the formation of metallic lithium around the anode of lithium-ion batteries during charging. This pating, also called deposition, can cause rechargeable batteries to malfunction over time, damaging the battery, shortening its lifespan, and causing short-circuits that can lead to thermal runaway. 

The research found that lithium plating can be significantly reduced by ‘optimising the microstructure of the graphite negative electrode’.

Dr. Lu said: ‘Our research has revealed that the lithiation mechanisms of graphite particles vary under distinct conditions, depending on their surface morphology, size, shape and orientation. It largely affects the lithium distribution and the propensity of lithium plating. Assisted by a pioneering 3D battery model, we can capture when and where lithium plating initiates and how fast it grows. This is a significant breakthrough that could have a major impact on the future of electric vehicles.’ 

The study provides new insights into developing advanced fast charging protocols by improving the understanding of the physical processes of lithium redistribution within graphite particles during fast charging. This knowledge could lead to an efficient charging process while minimising the risk of lithium plating.  

In addition to faster charging times, the study also found that refining the microstructure of the graphite electrode can improve the battery’s energy density. This means that electric cars could travel further on a single charge. 

These findings are a major breakthrough in the development of electric vehicle batteries. They could lead to faster-charging, longer-lasting, and safer electric cars, which would make them a more attractive option for consumers.