Long-term exposure to air pollution may significantly increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, with people already facing metabolic, kidney and heart-related health problems appearing to be the most vulnerable, according to new research from Fudan University in Shanghai.
The study examined how long-term exposure to particulate matter affects the likelihood of developing cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and older adults.
Researchers analysed health data from more than 3,100 people aged 45 and over who took part in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a nationwide health survey tracking adults across China. None of the participants had cardiovascular disease at the start of the study in 2011, and their health was monitored through to 2015.
During the follow-up period, 350 participants – around 11% of the study group – developed cardiovascular disease. Researchers found that every 10 μg/m³ increase in exposure to PM2.5, was associated with a roughly 10% increase in the risk of developing heart disease. Similar risks were also found for the larger PM10.
The study focused on people living with what is known as cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome, a recently defined condition by the American Heart Association that recognises the links between obesity, diabetes, kidney disease and cardiovascular problems.
Researchers found that the higher a person’s CKM stage, the greater their vulnerability to pollution-related heart disease. Those in advanced CKM stages showed the strongest association between particulate matter exposure and cardiovascular events, suggesting pre-existing health conditions may amplify the harmful effects of polluted air.
Dr. Cong Liu, corresponding author of the study said: ‘We observed a clear gradient: individuals at more advanced CKM stages were far more susceptible to the harmful cardiovascular effects of air pollution. This suggests that CKM staging could be a powerful tool for identifying vulnerable populations and guiding precision prevention strategies.’
The research also points to biological ageing as part of the explanation. Around 8% of the link between PM2.5 exposure and cardiovascular disease appeared to be driven by accelerated biological ageing, suggesting pollution may contribute to faster wear and tear on the body’s organs and systems.
Scientists say the findings strengthen evidence that air pollution is not only an environmental issue but a major public health concern, particularly for ageing populations and those already living with chronic conditions.
The team said the results could help shape future air quality standards and support more targeted prevention strategies for people most at risk, while also highlighting the need for earlier identification of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health problems before they progress into more serious disease.
The full research can be read here
Image: geralt
Leave a Reply